Imagine sending a gun shipment only to have it seized by customs. Even if you thought you followed all the rules. Shipping guns across borders is more than picking a carrier. It's a complex task where U.S. and Canadian laws meet, and one mistake can lead to big fines or worse.
Big names like UPS and FedEx have strict rules for shipping guns. But, these rules can change between countries. For example, in 2022, Canada's Border Services Agency (CBSA) took over 1,200 guns without the right papers. In the U.S., not filling out paperwork right or labeling packages wrong can lead to serious crimes.
This guide will show you how to follow the rules through real examples. You'll see how big companies handle shipping guns across borders without trouble. They avoid fines and keep their practices fair. Are you ready to see who gets it right and what to avoid?
Key Takeaways
- U.S. and Canadian gun laws are very different, needing special shipping plans.
- Breaking the rules can cost up to $10,000 in fines or even jail time in both places.
- Carriers like UPS have strict rules for packing and paperwork when shipping guns.
- Being clear about what you're sending can stop CBSA from taking your package and avoid delays.
- Shipping guns across borders means following both ITAR and the Canadian Firearms Act rules.
Understanding Firearm Shipping Regulations
Firearm shipping rules can be confusing. Whether you're sending a rifle or shipping guns for business, knowing the rules is key. This prevents big mistakes. Let's look at federal and state laws and why they matter.
Federal vs. State Laws
The ATF sets rules for shipping guns across the country. Every shipment must follow these rules, including:
- Using licensed carriers (FFLs) for handguns
- Completing ATF Form 4473 for transfers
- Banning mail shipments of unregistered firearms
But, states add their own rules. California has a 10-round magazine limit and bans assault weapons. Georgia allows bigger magazines. Maryland doesn't let certain rifles be shipped. These rules change at state lines.
| Regulation Type | Federal Standard | State Variations |
|---|
| Assault Weapons | No federal ban | Banned in CA, MD, NY |
| Magazine Limits | None | 10 rounds in CA, 15 in CO |
| Required Forms | ATF 4473 | CA adds Firearm Safety Certificate |
Breaking these rules can lead to big penalties. For example, sending a 15-round magazine from Georgia to California could result in federal and state charges. CBSA data shows 23% of firearm seizures at Canadian borders were due to wrong documentation. This shows agencies watch these shipments closely.
To stay compliant, follow these steps:
- Check destination state's Attorney General website
- Verify carrier-specific firearm policies
- Document every shipment with tracking numbers
Legal Requirements for Shipping Firearms
Shipping firearms legally means knowing two main rules. These rules are for licensed dealers (FFLs) and for those without a license. Whether you're sending a rifle to a cousin or moving inventory, these laws tell you what you can ship and how.
FFL Licensee Rules
Federal Firearms License holders can ship more under ATF rules. Here are some key points:
- Interstate handgun shipments must go through FFLs to follow federal laws
- USPS lets FFLs mail handguns via Registered Mail (but many carriers say no)
- Licensees can send firearms to other FFLs without needing local police
Nonlicensee Shipping Limits
Private people face stricter rules under firearm laws:
- Nonlicensees can only send rifles/shotguns within their state via common carriers (no handguns)
- USPS bans non-FFLs from mailing handguns under Title 18 § 1715
- Private sellers must send firearms directly to an FFL in the buyer's state
These rules apply even if you're shipping to yourself. For example, a hunter sending gear to Alaska must use an FFL for restricted items. Always check with your carrier for extra rules beyond federal laws.
Choosing Approved Carriers
Choosing the right shipping provider is key when moving firearms legally. Not all carriers handle guns the same way. Their rules can change fast. Knowing USPS, UPS, and FedEx rules helps avoid delays and keeps you in compliance.
USPS Restrictions
The U.S. Postal Service lets you ship rifles and shotguns between authorized people. But, they bans all concealable firearms, like handguns. Only people with valid FFL licenses can mail long guns across state lines.
USPS requires guns to be unloaded and well-packed. They don't let you send ammunition in the same box. For more info, see our guide on postal rules.
UPS & FedEx Policies
UPS changed its gun policy in 2022. Now, all gun shipments need serial numbers on labels. Only FFL holders can send guns through UPS. Packages must go from one licensed dealer to another.
FedEx is even stricter. Nonlicensees cannot ship firearms through FedEx Ground or Express. Licensed dealers must use overnight air shipping and declare contents with specific codes. Both carriers require adult signature confirmation upon delivery, adding extra security for shipping guns across state lines.
Shipping Handguns Legally
Shipping handguns needs care to avoid legal trouble. Unlike long guns, pistols have stricter rules. Knowing these rules helps you ship legally and avoid fines.
FFL Transfers: The Golden Rule
Here's how to ship handguns legally:
- Both parties must use FFL licensees – sender and receiver. Private people can't mail pistols across states.
- Fill out ATF Form 4473 during the transfer. This form stays with the FFL holder.
- Use approved carriers like UPS or FedEx. USPS doesn't allow handgun shipments for non-licensees, as the Postal Service manual says.
There are exceptions for repairs or gunsmithing. If you're sending a pistol for fixes, the FFL can send it back to you. This saved a Texas collector $150 last year on a vintage 1911.
Important tips for shippers:
- Always tell the carrier about the handgun
- Take out all ammo from the package
- Keep tracking numbers for over a year
Making mistakes can cost more than money. In 2022, 37% of ATF shipping issues were about wrong handgun transfers. Always check FFL credentials online before shipping.
International Firearm Shipping
Shipping guns around the world needs careful planning. You must follow U.S. export laws and the laws of the country you're sending to. If you miss a form, your package might get held or you could face legal trouble.
Canada Border Compliance
When sending guns to Canada, you must be very detailed. Non-residents need to fill out Form CAFC 909 at the border. Canadian residents must have an Authorization to Transport (ATT) permit from their chief firearms officer.
The Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) will hold your package for 14 days if they don't see the ATT right away.
Important things for Canadian imports include:
- Serial numbers matching export documents
- Firearm classification under Canada's Firearms Act
- Payment of duties and taxes
Export Permits
In the U.S., you need a license from the State Department to export guns. Most shipments need a DSP-5 license, which is good for four years. The Commerce Department has rules for some sporting shotguns and non-military guns.
Things to remember for export permits:
- Processing time is 60-90 days
- The application fee is $250 per license
- You must have end-user certification
Breaking export rules can cost up to $1 million per offense. You could even face criminal charges. Always check if the country you're sending to allows civilian gun imports.
Packaging & Safety Protocols
Getting your firearm to its destination safely is more than just a strong box. You need to follow federal rules, carrier standards, and common sense. The key steps are: make sure the gun is unloaded, keep ammo separate, and don't use labels that might attract trouble.
Unloading & Ammo Separation
Always check that the gun is empty before you pack it. UPS wants you to double-check the chambers and magazines. FedEx needs you to write down that it's unloaded in the shipping papers. Use locked, foam-lined hard cases to keep the gun safe during travel.
Ammo must go in a different package from the gun. USPS says no ammo in the same package. UPS is okay with it, but only if it's in a fiberboard box inside the main package. Here's a quick guide:
| Carrier | Unloading Required? | Ammo Separation Rules |
|---|
| USPS | Yes | Ship in separate packages |
| UPS | Yes | Separate container inside main box |
| FedEx | Yes | Original manufacturer packaging |
Discreet Labeling
Don't write “firearm” or “gun” on the package. Canada and U.S. carriers say use “Sporting Equipment” or “Machine Parts.” Use dark packaging to hide what's inside and avoid using addresses from gun stores or ranges.
UPS flags packages labeled “Firearm Parts” for extra checks. Use simple labels to avoid delays or theft. This keeps your package safe and meets shipping firearms legally rules.
Air Travel With Firearms
Flying with firearms is different from driving. Air travel has strict security rules. You must follow both TSA rules and airline policies.
TSA & Airline Policies
The TSA says firearms must go in checked baggage, not carry-ons. They must be unloaded and in a locked case. You must tell the check-in staff about them.
Ammunition goes in its original box or a special container.
Airline rules add more to the mix. For example:
| Airline | Declaration Method | Lock Rules | Ammo Limit |
|---|
| Delta | In-person at counter | Non-TSA locks permitted | 11 lbs max |
| American | Online notification + counter | TSA-approved locks only | No limit (under 100 lbs) |
| Southwest | Counter declaration only | Any combination lock | 20 lbs max |
Three important steps to avoid trouble:
1. Arrive 90 minutes early for extra screening
2. Carry the airline’s firearm policy webpage
3. Use distinctive luggage tags to mark your case
Not following these rules can lead to big fines or even jail. Always check the airline's rules 48 hours before flying. They often change their policies.
Document Preparation
Getting the right paperwork is key to avoid legal trouble. It's important for sending guns to places like Montana or meeting export rules. These documents keep both the sender and receiver safe.
Shipping Manifests: Your Paper Trail
Every gun shipment needs detailed records. In the U.S., ATF Form 9 is the main form for commercial deals. It must have:
- Details of the maker and importer
- Serial numbers of all guns shipped
- Info on the FFL license of the receiver
In Canada, shippers use RCMP Form 5589 for sending guns across borders. Both countries need to keep these records for at least two years because of TDG rules. A good tip is to save digital copies in encrypted storage for easy access during checks.
Customs Declarations: Crossing Borders Safely
International shipments need extra care. You'll need:
- Commercial invoices with harmonized system codes
- Export permits from the U.S. Department of State
- Importer Security Filing for ocean freight
For emergencies like chemical spills, use TDG's ERAP in your papers. Even within the U.S., you need basic customs forms. Always check if the receiver is allowed to get the gun by looking at their FFL license.
Avoiding Common Mistakes
Shipping guns legally needs care. One mistake can cause big problems. Knowing gun shipping restrictions and firearm shipping requirements helps avoid these issues. Let's look at two big mistakes and how to avoid them.
Undeclared Firearms
Forgetting to say you have a gun is risky. The Canadian Border Services Agency (CBSA) finds over 1,200 undeclared guns each year. Getting your gun back can be hard and costly.
Some think taking apart guns helps. But, even parts like barrels are watched closely. The ATF can fine you over $10,000 for unregistered parts.
Incorrect Paperwork
Wrong serial numbers or unsigned forms can get you in trouble. In 2023, 34% of gun shipments had wrong paperwork. Always check your forms with a licensed dealer before sending.
Customs forms must be filled out right. A Colorado store got fined $28,000 for wrong labels. Always use the right words, like “bolt-action firearm”.
| Mistake | Typical Consequence | Prevention Strategy |
|---|
| Unreported handgun in package | CBSA seizure + $850 retrieval fee | Use FFL for all cross-border transfers |
| Wrong export permit type | ATF fine up to $13,000 | Verify DSP-5 vs DSP-73 requirements |
| Mixed ammo & firearm | Carrier rejection + red flag | Separate compartments, declared separately |
Check three things before you send your package: the carrier, the receiver's license, and the paperwork. An ATF inspector said, “Getting it right prevents 90% of problems.”
State-Specific Exceptions
When you cross state lines, firearm laws get more complex. Federal rules are the base, but local laws add more rules. For example, California is strict, while Texas is more relaxed.
California’s Handgun Registry
In California, all handguns must be registered through the Automated Firearms System. This rule applies even if you're shipping guns to California residents. You need to work with a licensed FFL dealer who reports your ownership to the state within 5 days.
California also bans assault weapons under Penal Code 30515. Make sure your firearm isn't banned before shipping it to California. Always check the California DOJ website for the latest banned models.
Texas Permitless Carry
Texas allows constitutional carry since 2021. But, you still must follow federal shipping rules. Private sellers can ship guns to Texas FFL holders without a state permit. But, carriers like UPS require an adult signature.
Even with relaxed carry laws, there are still rules for shipping guns in Texas. You can't:
- Mailing handguns via USPS
- Using non-approved carriers
- Shipping to unlicensed recipients
| State | Registration Required? | Assault Weapon Ban | Carrier Restrictions |
|---|
| California | Yes (handguns) | Yes | USPS prohibited for all firearms |
| Texas | No | No | USPS allowed for rifles/shotguns |
Before shipping guns across state lines, check with the receiving police department. Some cities, like San Francisco, have stricter rules than California. Houston follows Texas' state laws.
Post-Shipping Best Practices
Your job doesn't stop when you send the package. Make sure it's delivered right. Use tracking, insurance, and check who gets it to follow firearm shipping requirements. This keeps everyone safe.
Tracking & Insurance
Every carrier needs tracking for guns. USPS says it's a must for all gun shipments (Source 2). FedEx suggests adding “declared value” coverage for valuable items. Here's what you need to know:
| Carrier | Tracking Requirement | Insurance Limit |
|---|
| USPS | Mandatory for firearms | $5,000 max |
| UPS | Automatic with label | $50,000 max |
| FedEx | Included in all shipments | $100,000 max |
Keep tracking numbers for 90 days. Insurance claims fail if you can't show proper packaging or follow firearm shipping requirements (Source 2).
Recipient Verification
Make sure the package is delivered right with these steps:
1. Need adult signatures (21+ for handguns)
2. Check ID against shipping papers
3. Ask for photo proof via email/text
FedEx's “Direct Signature Required” service adds security. For international shipments, use forms like the BSF407 (Source 1) to follow legal rules.
Conclusion
Shipping guns needs careful attention to rules for everyone's safety. Whether it's your first time or you're getting better, following the rules is key. This includes carrier policies and federal paperwork.
Core Legal Priorities for Shippers
First, pick approved carriers like UPS or FedEx. USPS doesn't allow most gun shipments. Use FFL licensees for private party transfers.
Get your documents ready, like shipping manifests and customs declarations. Keep ammo separate from guns. Make sure packages don't show what's inside.
Check state laws, like California's handgun registry or Texas's carry policies. This is important before you ship.
Practical Next Steps
Talk to local FFL holders for help with interstate or international shipments. Make sure to follow carrier packaging rules. Buy insurance for valuable items.
Keep the ATF's hotline (1-800-ATF-GUNS) and Global Affairs Canada (GAC) contacts handy. They can help with quick questions about shipping guns.
Visit the ATF's website and CFP portal for updates on rules. Ship during business hours for easier tracking. Following the law keeps everyone safe. Go over these steps before your next shipment.
FAQ
Q: Can I ship a firearm through USPS?
A: USPS lets licensed dealers ship rifles and shotguns. Handguns need special approval. Always check USPS policies, like their 2022 ban on handgun ammo.
Q: Do I need an FFL to ship a gun within my state?
A: Some states, like Texas, let private parties ship rifles and shotguns. But, California needs an FFL for all sales. Handguns always need FFL help.
Q: What happens if I forget to declare a firearm at the Canadian border?
A: CBSA seized 1,043 guns in 2022. This led to big fines and possible jail. You have 7 days to fix missing documents. Always fill out the BSF407 form ahead of time.
Q: Can I ship a gun to myself in another state for hunting?
A: Yes, if you follow ATF rules. Ship unloaded to your name, use a locked case, and check local laws. New York is an exception.
Q: How should I label firearm packages for air travel?
A: Don't say “firearm” or show gun logos. Use “sporting equipment” labels. Southwest Airlines needs “Firearm Unloaded” tags at check-in.
Q: What’s the penalty for shipping a gun with ammunition?
A: Breaking rules can cost ,450 a day. UPS/FedEx want ammo in special boxes and guns in locked cases. Canada has strict rules too.
Q: Do modified antique guns require export licenses?
A: Yes, the State Department needs a license for post-1898 guns. Canada checks for this too. A 2021 case showed the importance of following rules.
Q: Can I use FedEx Ground for handgun shipments?
A: Only FFLs can ship handguns via FedEx. Use Priority Overnight with adult signature. FedEx has new rules since 2022.
Q: How long do FFLs keep firearm transfer records?
A: FFLs must keep records for 20 years. Carriers like UPS keep them for 5 years. Canada suggests keeping export permits for 7 years.
Q: What insurance should I get for a ,000 rifle shipment?
A: Use carrier add-ons for full value insurance. UPS Capital covers up to ,000. But, most policies don't cover mechanical damage. Lockton offers special coverage.
